
"Machine Learning and Facades: Interactive Tool for Performance Analysis" discusses development on an interactive tool for facade performance analysis during the early stages of architectural design. Studies have shown that buildings account for approximately 40% of the global energy demand and 37% of the global CO2 emissions. A significant amount of the energy consumed is dedicated to maintaining comfortable indoor conditions and enhancing occupants’ well-being. Among the key contributors to this energy demand is the building facade, which plays a critical role in regulating heat gain, enhancing thermal performance and providing daylight access. In response to these challenges, design decision-makers are encouraged to adopt sustainable practices that optimize building facade design, thereby reducing energy consumption and promoting healthy indoor environments.
Currently, building energy models, developed using energy simulation tools, represent the most widely adopted approach for evaluating energy-efficient facade design options and determining optimal solutions. However, these models are time-consuming to develop and computationally intensive to run. To address these limitations, hybrid frameworks that integrate building energy simulation and machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged to streamline the simulation process and aid rapid predictions. Nevertheless, most existing frameworks remain code-based and lack interactive interfaces, limiting their accessibility to non-programmers and design practitioners.
This study introduces an interactive facade performance prediction tool developed by integrating energy simulations and ML. The tool was developed using a four-module workflow comprising Python-based parametric scenario generation, Eppy-driven EnergyPlus simulation, XGBoost ML modeling, and Streamlit web interface development. The framework was implemented using a dataset of 11,760 facade design scenarios generated for a 40 ft by 40 ft generic office building located in Salt Lake City, Utah. Annual outputs from these parametric simulations, consisting of energy use, occupant comfort, and cost indicators, were used to train an XGBoost ML model. The model achieved R² values above 0.97 and %root mean square error (%RMSE) values below 6.59% on the test data, demonstrating high predictive accuracy across all predicted outputs. The trained model was then embedded within a Streamlit-based interactive interface, enabling users to explore facade performance predictions in real time and support early-stage design decision-making without the need for additional EnergyPlus simulations.
Citation:
Aghimien, E., and Aksamija, A., (2026). “Machine Learning and Facades: Interactive Tool for Performance Analysis”, Proceedings of the Facade World Congress 2026, Pittsburgh, PA, September 28-October 2.